- Extended adds DNA classification
Classification, cells and magnification
Characteristics of life, the kingdoms, dichotomous keys and plant, animal and bacterial cells. Easy marks go when a key is misread or micrometres stay unconverted in a magnification sum.
- Dichotomous keys
- Plant, animal and bacterial cells
- Magnification calculations
- Extended adds water potential
Movement in and out of cells
Diffusion, osmosis and active transport, investigated with potato and visking tubing. Classic slips: leaving out the partially permeable membrane, or saying water moves to where there is less water.
- Diffusion
- Osmosis in plant cells
- Active transport
- Extended adds DNA structure
Biological molecules and enzymes
Food tests with iodine, Benedict's, biuret, ethanol and DCPIP, then enzyme action and the effects of temperature and pH. Saying heat kills an enzyme misses the mark for denaturation.
- Food tests
- Active site and substrate
- Temperature and pH
- Extended adds translocation
Plants: photosynthesis and transport
Photosynthesis, leaf structure, xylem and phloem, and transpiration. Graph questions on light intensity and carbon dioxide reward learners who name the limiting factor on each part of the curve.
- Limiting factors
- Leaf structure
- Transpiration rate
- Extended adds oxygen debt
Human nutrition, breathing and respiration
Balanced diet, digestion and absorption, gas exchange in the lungs, and aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Learners often mix up breathing with respiration, and Extended candidates must write balanced equations exactly.
- Digestive enzymes
- Villi and absorption
- Aerobic and anaerobic respiration
- Extended adds double circulation
Circulation, disease and immunity
The heart, blood vessels, blood, coronary heart disease, pathogens and body defences. Extended learners add antibodies and vaccination, and confusing active with passive immunity costs regular marks.
- Heart structure
- Arteries, veins and capillaries
- Vaccination
- Extended adds the nephron
Coordination, homeostasis and excretion
Nerves and reflex arcs, the eye, hormones, blood glucose, temperature control, tropisms and drugs such as antibiotics. Extended answers slip by saying capillaries move; the syllabus asks about arterioles widening and narrowing.
- Reflex arc
- Negative feedback
- Auxin and tropisms
- Extended adds codominance
Reproduction, inheritance and selection
Reproduction in flowering plants and humans, DNA, mitosis and meiosis, monohybrid crosses, variation and selection. Genetic diagrams earn marks line by line, so a missing gametes line hurts.
- Pollination
- Punnett squares
- Natural selection
- Extended adds the nitrogen cycle
Ecosystems, human impact and biotechnology
Energy flow, food webs, the carbon cycle, populations, pollution, conservation and genetic modification, with local examples such as mangroves and Gulf fisheries. Examiners want each cause linked to its effect.
- Food webs
- Carbon cycle
- Genetic modification
Your child's tier sets how much Supplement content lessons cover, following the school's entry decision.